Theres no hard evidence to point to exactly what the level of risk of these products are relative to cigarettes, says Dr Benjamin Chaffee, professor at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) School of Dentistry and the UCSF Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education
If a smouldering cigarette is placed on a substrate at room temperature, there will be an initial reduction in the cigarettes burning temperature before the substrate is sufficiently heated to influence their combined subsequent thermal behaviour
Any short-term hormonal shifts must be weighed against nicotines risks and limitations
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews , (12), CD009670
Mood and Timing Morning smokes often call for light, crisp blends, while evenings invite richer, more aromatic options