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After that, smuggling declined, probably to less than 5% of sales in 2005.[viii] Incorporating these contraband figures smooths out the 1990s dip in legal sales shown in Figure 1, and it is reasonable to conclude that Italian consumption was fairly steady, at about 2kg per person per annum, throughout the 1980s and 1990s and only really started to decline after about 2000 Smoking and mortality Another way to measure smoking prevalence is via mortality figures as lung cancer rates tend to run about parallel to smoking ones with a lag of 20 years or so

Adam Butterworth reports grants from Merck and Pfizer and grants outside of this work from AstraZeneca, Biogen, and Novartis, and personal fees from Novartis

Endothelial progenitor cells participate in nicotine-mediated angiogenesis

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It identified new forms of formaldehyde in e-cigarette vapor that were at levels five to 15 times higher than those in normal cigarettes