[139] [140] Australia's 2024 vaping reforms limited the sale of vapes to pharmacies for smoking cessation or nicotine dependence management if they met the Therapeutic Goods Administration's (TGA) regulatory requirements
As between-study heterogeneity can be underestimated or even zero when the number of studies is small 196,197 , we used Fishers information matrix to estimate the uncertainty of the heterogeneity 198 and incorporated that uncertainty into the final results
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However, in a smokers lungs, nicotine paralyzes and destroys these cilia, preventing the removal of harmful particles and allowing mucus buildup that leads to conditions like chronic bronchitis, pneumonia, and emphysema
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