Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 23 , 443452 (2009)
[2] It is a highly conserved system found primarily in animals/some eukaryotes, although bacteria and plants still use carnitine for other things such as being an osmoprotectant, or being and electron acceptor in the electron transport chain
Perhaps it even aids in athletic performance, especially when training increases the stimulus for increased or prolonged fatty acid oxidation
The enzyme glutathione reductase, which requires NADPH as a cofactor, recycles GSSG back to GSH, maintaining this ratio [2]
[4] [5] Additional contributing factors include: Sleep disturbances and night sweats disrupting metabolic regulation Reduced physical activity due to fatigue or joint discomfort Psychological factors including stress, mood changes, and emotional eating Changes in insulin sensitivity Weight changes during the menopausal transition vary considerably between individuals