The key variables are form, dose, and timing
2009;19(1):Pe11-Pe15
Inborn Errors of Metabolism
Ethanol consumption induces oxidative stress, leading to an oxidative environment in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which results in an imbalance in the unfolded protein response, heightened ERS, and the induction of endogenous cellular apoptosis, ultimately damaging liver cells (Xin et al., 2021)
In the TMLHE gene knockout mouse model, the carnitine biosynthetic pathway is inhibited due to the loss of TMLD activity in the liver, affecting the availability of carnitine in the heart, significantly reducing the rate of synthesis of LCACs, and contributing to the protection of mitochondrial function after myocardial IRI [215]