Fredholm, 1 and has been shown to exert a protective effect to noise-induced oxidative cochlear damage (Hu et al., 1997
The peptide does not reverse that trend, but it re-activates a signaling pathway that age progressively suppresses
It downregulates the gene and protein expression of COX1, 5-LOX, 12-LOX, and 15-LOX in the arachidonic acid pathway, restores the levels of abnormal metabolites such as PGE2, PGD2, LTB4, 12-HETE, 15-HETE, PGF2, and 8-iso-PGF2 in PAH models, inhibits abnormal proliferation of PASMCs, and reverses pulmonary vascular remodeling (Song et al., 2022)
Neurons, specifically, rely primarily on glucose, although they can also use alternative fuels in specific situations (e.g., ketone bodies under prolonged fasting or keto diets [31])
This data proves that the profound fatigue and exercise intolerance in ME/CFS are intrinsically linked to the destruction of autonomic small nerve fibers