Special Report: Potential Strategies for Addressing GLP-1 and Dual GLP-1/GIP Receptor Agonist Shortages
Intrinsic factor, produced by parietal cells in the stomach lining, binds to free b12 and enables absorption in the terminal ileum
Initial assessment should include a detailed history characterizing the joint symptoms: onset relative to medication initiation, location and pattern of joint involvement, severity and functional impact, aggravating and relieving factors, and any associated symptoms such as swelling, redness, or morning stiffness
Reduced hunger and cravings are reported by most patients within treatment initiation 2-4 days
The condition is often associated with significant negative health consequences such as neurocognitive impairment, excessive daytime sleepiness, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and other metabolic disorders