Additionally, activated GPER can upregulate glucose transporters (GLUTs) and hexokinase (HK), increasing the level of aerobic glycolysis and leading to the accumulation of metabolic waste products, including lactic acid, which helps tumor cells evade immune surveillance and enhances their invasive capabilities [6, 34]
Total protein from freshly brushed and cultured HAECs was collected in cell lysis buffer, homogenized by sonication, and then centrifuged at 1,699 g for 10 minutes
BSO is a known inhibitor of the synthesis of cellular GSH
Rahim MN, Williamson C, Kametas NA, Heneghan MA
9i), suggesting that cotargeting GLUT1 and YBX1 confers selective synthetic lethality and has a potentially broad therapeutic effect