Springer, Cham, Switzerland (2025)
Understanding this relationship, recognising warning signs, and maintaining appropriate eye surveillance are essential for anyone taking these treatments
PMC 2922724
Both Ozempic, made by Novo Nordisk, and Mounjaro, made by Eli Lilly, are FDA-approved to treat Type 2 diabetes, but some doctors prescribe the medication "off-label" for weight loss, as is permissible by the FDA
GLP-1 is rapidly degraded by an enzyme named dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-4), converting to bioinactive products GLP-1 (9-36) and GLP-1 (9-37) ( GLP-1 exerts its function by binding to GLP-1R and is involved in the development and progression of many diseases ( GLP-1R agonists (GLP-1RAs) are a group of GLP-1 analogues that are resistant to DPP4-mediated degradation, working through activating GLP-1R and its downstream signaling ( The expression of GLP-1R remains controversial due to the lack of specific antibody against GLP-1R, with most of the literatures using qPCR to detect mRNA levels ( 2 GLP-1 in regulating immune system 2.1 The role of GLP-1 in innate immune cells Recent studies have demonstrated that GLP-1 and its analogues exert regulatory functions in innate immune cells, especially macrophages
