Figure 2 3.3 Vitamin B12 measurements by age and gender A total of 35 million vitamin B12 measurements were obtained from the public healthcare system, with 69% from female patients (242 M) and 31% from male patients (108 M)
doi: 10.1542/peds.2009-2060 52 SikoraDMPettit-KekelKPenfieldJMerkensLSSteinerRD
These mechanisms are disease-stage dependent and are discussed in the clinical context in Section 6.3
Additionally, if urination is accompanied by lower extremity swelling, significant changes in urine color (very dark or tea-colored), persistent foamy urine (which may suggest protein in the urine requiring testing), or decreased urine output despite fluid intake, kidney function should be evaluated
Pow-Sang JM, Klimberg IW, Hackett RL, Wajsman Z: Primary melanoma of the male urethra