The MDHA formed in the lumen by the oxidation of AsA disproportionates to DHA and moves into the stroma through the thylakoid membrane
For additional clinical context, see this article on copper tripeptide GHK-Cu in regenerative aesthetics
DSIP is found in both free and protein-bound forms in the hypothalamus, limbic system, and pituitary gland, as well as in peripheral organs including the gut secretory cells, pancreas (where it co-localises with glucagon), and plasma with brain and plasma DSIP concentrations showing a marked diurnal variation that correlates with circadian rhythm in humans, with levels lowest in the morning and higher in the afternoon
The emerging scientific consensus, highlighted by advanced research into oxidative stress and mitochondrial failure, validates what patients have known all along: your cells are fighting a massive, unseen battle at the biochemical level
They accumulate with age and secrete inflammatory factors (SASP) that can damage surrounding healthy tissue, contributing to age-related decline and disease