is grateful to the Austrian Science Fund FWF (Austria) for grants P23490-B20, P29262, P24381, P29203 P27893, I1000, and SFB Lipotox (F3012), as well as to Bundesministerium fr Wissenschaft, Forschung und Wirtschaft and the Karl-Franzens University for grant Unkonventionelle Forschung and grant DKplus Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (W1226)
It has been extensively studied in pre-clinical and clinical contexts for its photoprotective properties, with research demonstrating dose-dependent increases in eumelanin production in keratinocyte and melanocyte co-culture models
It is an effective treatment for combating the signs of aging
Given the important role of l-carnitine in fatty acid transport and metabolism, early studies of BB (sometimes coined prel-carnitine) focused on its ability to form l-carnitine and facilitate fatty acid transport (32, 39)
By regulating the availability of intracellular fatty acids and thus the amount of sebum produced, L-carnitine could limit comedone formation and reduce the severity of acne flare-ups
