However, only NAD + [117] and NAD + precursors (NA, NMN, NR, and NAM) are being explored in humans [29,[118], [119], [120], [121], [122]]
While there is a mountain of promising in vitro (petri dish) and animal model research, comprehensive, FDA-approved human trials are severely lacking
For example, Rasaei et al
This applies to testosterone, Vivitrol, biologics, and specialty medications that patients obtain through a specialty pharmacy and bring to the office
its inherent lack of content beyond the vague notion of serving the public leaves it open to being appropriated for less than normative purposes and, despite a lineage debating back to Aristotle, its practical application remains contested