When comparing oral vs injectable vs nasal routes, the data is unanimous: injections provide the most reliable systemic delivery of peptides
The other science-based options are available to try if they need a boost
It is now apparent that the production of primary immune mediators, which include cytokines and chemokines, is dependent on the recruitment of inflammatory cells, particularly innate immune cells such as neutrophils, macrophages, and DCs
Consistent with enriched glycerophospholipid and amino acid metabolism, levels of the phospholipids phosphoethanolamine, glycerol 3-phosphate, CDP-ethanolamine as well as the amino acids glutamine, serine, and cis-4-Hydroxy-D-proline were increased in rapamycin-treated CAR T cell products (Fig
Johnson, G., MacLehose, R