Beyond the gut, FMT provides many improvements in the brain, including reversing cognitive decline, neuroprotective mechanisms by reducing alpha-synuclein accumulation, and restoring striatal levels of dopamine and serotonin (Hashish and Salama, 2023)
The most frequent side effect of NAC was gastrointestinal, which was well tolerated
Since BPC-157 has not undergone clinical testing in humans, there is no established dosing, no safety profile and no information on potential long-term risks
The authors reported an increased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and Streptococcus abundance, with a reduction in Prevotella strains in patients with active MS when compared with healthy controls and patients with MS in remission (Cosorich et al., 2017)
Neurochem Int 59(6):830836