Alcohol also is associated with many chronic diseases, including high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, liver disease, stroke, digestive problems, dementia, mental health conditions, and a weakened immune system
Studies have reported that more than half of patients with ME/CFS reported at least one experience of early childhood trauma ( FIGURE 2 Mechanistically, early adversity and chronic stress may induce persistent biological changes through long-term stress programming and the HPA axis (Schr et al., 2022)
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482 Patients who receive HD may be at risk of the development of carnitine deficiency as a result of loss of carnitine during the dialysis procedure, in addition to possible reductions in dietary intake and endogenous synthesis
Lifestyle factors like poor sleep, poor diet, high alcohol intake, chronic stress, exposure to toxins, and a sedentary lifestyle can also play a role