Because GHK is a naturally occurring peptide already present in human plasma, serum, saliva, and urine, the body recognizes it as endogenous rather than foreign
When stratified by administration route, the mean percentage changes were: Intramuscular (IM): 307% Oral: 285% Sublingual: 199% IM administration showed the highest average B12 increase, although oral and sublingual routes also yielded substantial improvements, supporting their use as effective and less invasive alternatives
In gut tissue, it protects the mucosal lining from acid and NSAID damage
(2002) found a 20-fold increase in Thymosin Beta-4 mRNA expression in mechanically loaded cartilage
Benefits Compared to oral supplements, intramuscular injections offer superior absorption as they bypass the digestive system