Vegans can choose fortified cereals, plant-based milks, or nutritional yeast
107 Nrf2 overexpression in astrocytes inhibits ferroptosis, probably due to the outward release of GSH from astrocytes
Ethics declarations Conflict of interest The authors have no conflict of interest to declare
A 2024 study in Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health identified severe CD8 T-cell dysfunction in both ME/CFS and Long COVID patients, linking this immune exhaustion directly to mitochondrial failure
This makes you feel more alert than you would be without caffeine.67 Repeatedly in scientific studies, caffeine may improve sustained attention as much as prescription stimulants (but more research is needed).13 A 2022 review also outlined how caffeine appears to have neuroprotective effects against Alzheimers disease in animal models, but this theory still needs to be researched and tested more rigorously in humans.14 L-Theanine Most common in tea leaves, L-theanine is another amino acid thats key for inducing relaxation.68 Like ashwagandha, its long been known to reduce stress, particularly when used in conjunction with caffeine (where L-theanine reduces the jittery effect commonly felt when you have a little more than you need).15 Theres a link between L-theanine and improved sleep quality, too, though there still needs to be more research on this subject before anything can be stated definitively.16 Rhodiola rosea Rhodiola rosea is an herb common in northern Europe thats similar to ashwagandha
