The critical design decisions included: GIP backbone selection : Starting from GIP rather than GLP-1, as GIP naturally has weak cross-reactivity with GLP-1R, providing a scaffold for optimization Aib2 substitution : Replacing Ala2 with alpha-aminoisobutyric acid for DPP-4 resistance (identical strategy to semaglutide) C-terminal extension : Adding a GGPSSGAPPPS (Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser-Ser-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser) 11-residue C-terminal extension that enhances GLP-1R binding C-20 fatty diacid acylation : Attaching an eicosanedioic acid (C-20 diacid) at Lys20 via a Glu-2xOEG linker for albumin binding The resulting molecule exhibits approximately 5:1 selectivity for GIPR over GLP-1R it is a full GIPR agonist and a partial GLP-1R agonist, yet clinically achieves superior outcomes to selective full GLP-1R agonists [7]
Procyanidin B2 protects TR-iBRB2 cells against hyperglyc emia stress by attenuating oxidative stress and inflammasome activation via regulation of redoxosomes/NF-kB signaling
Specialization preserves value-add
The powder is supplied in a sterile, sealed vial to preserve stability and prevent contamination during storage and handling
Affiliation: 1 Faculty of Medicine, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi 0186, Georgia Email: [email protected] ORCID: Affiliation: 1 Faculty of Medicine, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi 0186, Georgia ORCID: Affiliation: 1 Faculty of Medicine, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi 0186, Georgia ORCID: Affiliation: 2 American MD Program, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi 0186, Georgia ORCID: Affiliation: 1 Faculty of Medicine, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi 0186, Georgia ORCID: Explor Cardiol
