It must be said that even though the effect has been observed, the protein has not been identified in enterocytes yet (Wilson, 2002, 2005
this finding suggests that dosing frequency is not the only factor that determines glycemic efficacy (Table 2)
Although the actual mechanisms of MTX-induced liver and kidney damage are unknown, one of the hypotheses is the breakdown in cellular antioxidant defences, which increases the production of reactive oxygen species and nitrogen species, inhibits cytosolic NADP-dependent dehydrogenase and NADP malic enzyme, lowers glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase levels and reduces the effectiveness of the antioxidant defence system protecting the cell against reactive oxygen species (Reference Savran, Cicek and Doguc7)
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 110, e2088-e2091 (2025)
The only differences between generics and their brand-name counterparts is that generics are less expensive and may look slightly different (e.g., different shape or color), as trademark laws prevent a generic from looking exactly like the brand-name drug