Mitochondrial effects of estrogen are mediated by estrogen receptor alpha in brain endothelial cells
(2018) www.sciencedaily.com From the article: Previous studies have suggested that testosterone replacement therapy may have a positive effect on lung function in men with COPD [chronic obstructive pulmonary disease], said Jacques Baillargeon, UTMB professor in preventive medicine and community health
According to FDA prescribing information, these effects vary by product and dose: For Ozempic (diabetes treatment): Nausea (15-20% of patients) Diarrhea (8-9% of patients) Vomiting (5-9% of patients) Constipation (3-7% of patients) Abdominal pain (5-6% of patients) For Wegovy (weight management), gastrointestinal effects are more common at the higher therapeutic dose: Nausea (up to 44% of patients) Diarrhea (up to 30% of patients) Vomiting (up to 24% of patients) Constipation (up to 24% of patients) Abdominal pain (up to 20% of patients) These effects are generally mild to moderate and tend to diminish with continued use
The published adverse event tables list "menstrual disorder" as a category
Indeed, treatment of type 2 diabetes with GLP-1 receptor agonists, including FDA-approved exenatide and liraglutide, have demonstrated significant reductions in hyperglycemia, haemoglobin A1c, and body weight 19