alternatives to glp 1 agonists Discovery of a Novel Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Analogue from Bullfrog and Investigation of Its Potential for Designing GLP-1-Based Multiagonists Metformin alternatives - InternationalDrugMart

Funding This work was in part supported by Fondi di Ateneo from the Universit della Calabria (to CI, MS, MG, and LP) and in part by PON (Programma Operativo Nazionale) Project No

doi: 10.2337/db13-1440 28 HadjiyanniIBaggioLLPoussierPDruckerDJ

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Halpern, B

Further analysis indicated that among the 19 overgrown bacterial families, 12 possessed the urease gene ( Alteromonadaceae , Clostridiaceae , Cellulomonadaceae , Enterobacteriaceae , Dermabacteraceae , Halomonadaceae , Micrococcaceae , Moraxellaceae , Methylococcaceae , Pseudomonadaceae , Polyangiaceae , and Xanthomonadaceae ), 5 harbored the uricase gene ( Dermabacteraceae , Cellulomonadaceae , Xanthomonadaceae , Micrococcaceae , and Polyangiaceae ) producing ammonia that is harmful to the intestinal epithelium, and 3 expressed the tryptophanase gene necessary for the conversion of tryptophan into indole, which is then metabolized by the liver into uremic toxins ( Enterobacteriaceae , Clostridiaceae , and Verrucomicrobiaceae ) (Wong et al., 2014)