When Loren Pickart and Anna Margolina the authors most associated with GHK-Cu research describe cosmetic outcomes such as tighter skin, improved elasticity, reduced fine lines, and reduced photodamage, those outcomes are reported for creams and serums applied to the skin, not for injected material
Timeline of the general protocol used in the present experiments
GHK-Cu SNAP-8 Peptide Serum Professionele Anti-Aging in n Flesje Minder rimpels
This study indicated that an increase in cytosolic Ca2+ boosted the generation of H2O2
To have the most realistic biological average for the initial values of all variables (concentrations, membrane potential, mitochondria membrane potential, venous volume, and gating variables) according to the literature, we considered not only measured and modeled literature data on the absolute values themselves but also additional constraints, such as known ratios of NADH to NAD + in the neuron (7779) and astrocyte (79)