Vitamin B12 , also known as cobalamin, is essential for red blood cell formation, DNA synthesis, and neurological function
Once a clear stock solution has been prepared in acetic acid water, it is standard practice to perform subsequent dilutions into the intended experimental vehicle for example, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), cell culture medium, or another physiological buffer to bring the working solution to the correct pH and ionic strength for the assay
Lastly, vitamin B12 supplements are incredibly safe even in large doses
This has nothing to do with b12 status and everything to do with excessive caloric deficit and insufficient protein intake relative to the rate of weight change
It binds to skeletal muscle cells and activates AMPK, the enzyme responsible for switching cellular metabolism from anabolic (storage) to catabolic (burning) states