what is glp-1 ra Mechanisms of action of GLP-1RA Visual representation of the beneficial

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The mechanism is multifactorial: fibroblast activation, matrix-protein modulation, and inflammatory damping

doi: 10.1002/ijgo.v156.3 188 ShowellMGMackenzie-ProctorRJordanVHartRJ

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Published research describes the following mechanisms for MC1R agonists like afamelanotide: NF-kappaB suppression reduced transcription of pro-inflammatory genes Cytokine modulation decreased TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 production Nitric oxide regulation normalization of NO pathway signaling Adhesion molecule downregulation reduced inflammatory cell migration IL-10 upregulation increased anti-inflammatory cytokine output These effects have been demonstrated in vitro and in animal models of acute, chronic, and systemic inflammation (Catania et al., 2004)