Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB) but not sleeve gastric bypass surgery or gastric banding, increases the risk of vitamin B 12 deficiency and requires preventive post-operative treatment with either injected or high-dose oral supplementation
metabolism, cellular bioenergetics, and metabolic physiology
When you are giving a B12 injection subcutaneously, you pinch the fat to make sure youre only penetrating the subcutaneous tissue (or the innermost layer of skin) and pull it away from the muscle, then insert the needle
Patients should be cautious with any product marketed online for fat loss, anti-aging, metabolism, or longevity without medical oversight
Physical changes like pale skin or a sore tongue, and digestive issues such as loss of appetite or constipation, may also be signs your body needs more B12