EPAC and PKA inhibit the human airway smooth muscle induced by a cigarette smoke extract (CSE) by blocking the activation of the NF-B and ERK, respectively, and by releasing neutrophil chemokine IL-8, which together exert anti-inflammatory effects
This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81802504), the Sichuan Science and Technology Program (2025YFHZ0123), Chengdu Science and Technology Program (2024-YF05-01315-SN), and a grant from Shenzhen Weixin (2024HX008) for YW
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