Oxidized (GSSG) - The Form That Determines Everything Glutathione exists in two interconvertible forms, but only one is biologically active: Reduced Glutathione (GSH) - The Active Form: Chemical structure: -L-Glutamyl-L-cysteinylglycine with free thiol (-SH) group CAS number: 70-18-8 Molecular formula: CHNOS Molecular weight: 307.32 g/mol Biological activity: Acts as electron donor (antioxidant), cofactor for glutathione peroxidase Stability: Prone to oxidation (converts to GSSG in presence of oxygen, light, moisture) Price: $180-320/kg (fermentation-derived, pharmaceutical grade) Oxidized Glutathione (GSSG) - The Inactive Form: Chemical structure: Two GSH molecules linked by disulfide bond (no free thiol) CAS number: 27025-41-8 Molecular formula: CHNOS Molecular weight: 612.63 g/mol Biological activity: Must be reduced back to GSH by glutathione reductase (requires NADPH) Stability: More stable than GSH (doesn't oxidize further) Price: $120-180/kg (often sold deceptively as "glutathione") The deceptive practice: Many suppliers sell GSSG (or GSH that has oxidized to GSSG during storage) as "glutathione" without specifying the form
Statistical Methods Change from baseline in SGRQ Total score and each component score were analyzed using analysis of covariance, with change from baseline as the response variable and with factors for treatment group, high-risk CV comorbidities (yes/no), background LABA use (yes/no), and baseline score as covariates
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This selective action makes it valuable for research focused on isolated GH pathway activation
