The distinct expression patterns suggest nuanced and potentially non-redundant roles for GLP-1 signaling in these systems.27 Activation of GLP-1 neurons in the NTS has been shown to reduce metabolic rates and suppress food intake in both fed and fasted murine models.2,28,34 Moreover, stimulation of NTS GLP-1 neurons inhibits hepatic glucose production without altering peripheral glucose uptake, illustrating the involvement of the central GLP-1 system in energy homeostasis and glucose metabolism.34,35 The hypothalamus serves as a principal downstream target for peripherally administered GLP-1RAs and GLP-1 neurons originating in the hindbrain.36 Pharmacological studies in whole-animal models have demonstrated that the activation of GLP-1 receptors enhances glucose tolerance and suppresses food intake, thereby facilitating weight loss and improving glucose homeostasis.37,38 Genetic approaches in mice further corroborate the physiological significance of GLP-1 receptor in the regulation of energy balance and glucose metabolism
Rosenstock J, Nino A, Soffer J, Erskine L, Acusta A, Dole J, et al
An early glow appears within a week
The typical sequence described is: significant weight loss, then gallstones, then cholecystitis, then surgery
Most insurance companies dont cover weight-loss drugs yet, so the costs keep discontinuation rates high as do gastrointestinal side effects
