Deducing from the above findings, it can be suggested that hypertension impairs male fertility through (i) a reduction in blood flow to the testis, as the oxygen-dependent organ functions in a state of near anoxia, such a decrease in blood flow may very likely have profound effects on the tissue morphology that ultimately would predispose to various forms of hypo-spermatogenesis with consequent compromise in reproductive capability, (ii) altered hormone levels, as the obstructed spermatogenic cells are unable to produce adequate hormone for normal spermatogenesis, (iii) increase in the formation of ROS and a subsequent decrease in antioxidant activities, which consequently lead to OS (Figure 3), and (iv) alteration in the expression of important glycoproteins necessary for normal testicular and sperm morphology
Halder J, Gupta S, Kumari R, Gupta G, Das, Rai VK
Serum SHBG can directly mediate steroid hormone signal transduction at the plasma membrane
Lipid peroxidation is a chain reaction initiated when ROS, particularly OH and Hydroperoxyl (HO 2 ) generated from , combine with a hydrogen atom from a fatty acid to produce a lipid radical
This remarkable process can actually create entirely new muscle cellsa phenomenon known as hyperplasia