In a 2025 review, the authors describe this species as occupying an extraordinary niche in the human gut, and a model organism studied for its ability to modulate human health and gut microbiome structure.13 In animal studies, it has slowed the development and progression of diabetes , obesity , and irritable bowel disease .14 In human trials, it has helped participants reduce their BMI and improve their diabetic markers.12 Its effects on obesity and diabetes have been recreated in humans as well
These effects can improve appetite control and glycemic regulation
But the conventional route of anti-VEGF drugs for CNV treatment has the disadvantages of repeated injections, low corneal penetration, high drug clearance, short duration of action and drug resistance, resulting in poor efficacy [9, 10]
The loss of GSH disrupts redox homeostasis, leading to ROS accumulation and, subsequently, cellular dysfunction and death [10]
Apply with gentle press-and-release movements, avoiding the eye contour area