2018 Nature Communications paper (NR reduced blood pressure and arterial stiffness in healthy middle-aged adults), and numerous pharmacokinetic studies Animal lifespan data: While NAD+ precursors have shown healthspan improvements in mice (improved physical activity, insulin sensitivity, mitochondrial function), clear lifespan extension data is more limited and inconsistent DNA repair: Studies demonstrated restored PARP-dependent DNA repair in aged mice and radiation-exposed human cells following NAD+ repletion Stem cell rejuvenation: NMN restored aged muscle stem cell function and improved hematopoietic stem cell parameters in mice Epidemiological data: NAD+ levels correlate with biological age across multiple cohort studies, establishing translational relevance Key limitations: Despite abundant evidence for NAD+ restoration, the downstream clinical benefits in humans are still being established
Overall, tryptophan metabolism produces bioactive metabolites with both pro- and anti-fibrotic properties through mTOR, Smad, PI3K/AKT, and AhR-dependent pathways
The catch is that B12 is one of the few nutrients you cannot get from an unfortified plant diet
In addition to managing vitamin B12 deficiency, this injection can also be used to manage peripheral neuropathy and megaloblastic anaemia
Ann Agric Environ Med (2020) 27:18493
