review bpc 157 BPC-157 for athletes and injury treatment: Science, safety, and legal concerns bpc-157 research human safety clinical

In the United States (U.S.), it is now thought that around 40% of the population are currently diagnosed with vitamin B-12 deficiency

10.4292/wjgpt.v11.i5.93 13 Berra-RomaniR.Avelino-CruzJ

Vitamin B12 supports the bodys ability to convert food into usable energy by aiding in the production of red blood cells and supporting oxygen transport throughout the body

History [edit] Descriptions of deficiency effects [edit] Between 1849 and 1887, Thomas Addison described a case of pernicious anemia, William Osler and William Gardner first described a case of neuropathy, Hayem described large red cells in the peripheral blood in this condition, which he called "giant blood corpuscles" (now called macrocytes), Paul Ehrlich identified megaloblasts in the bone marrow, and Ludwig Lichtheim described a case of myelopathy

Safety profiles remain based on short-term animal studies rather than lifelong human observation