Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) and its metabolite DIM exert hormone-modulatory effects by shifting estrogen metabolism from the genotoxic 16-hydroxyestrone pathway toward the less carcinogenic 2-hydroxyestrone pathway, enhancing CYP1A1/1A2 activity, and simultaneously downregulating ER and upregulating ER expression, which together lead to suppression of estrogen-driven proliferation and sensitization of tumours to endocrine therapies (191)
No UK marketing authorisation was identified in the official sources reviewed for this article on 17 July 2026
El glutatin existe en dos formas, la oxidada y la reducida
22(1):5374 The somatomedin hypothesis and insulin-like growth factor signaling in endocrine regulation Yakar S, Liu JL, Stannard B, Butler A, Accili D, Sauer B, Le Roith D., Journal of Clinical Investigation , 2001
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