Physiologically, your body undergoes several adaptations as you lose weight
These effects are thought to arise from several mechanisms: Regulation of Cytokine Production : GLP-1 has been shown to reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), which are often elevated in chronic inflammatory conditions
Several GLP-1 receptor agonists are available, with varying pharmacokinetic profiles and approved indications
GLP-1 can stimulate pancreatic -cells to release insulin.236,237 Insulin not only directly lowers blood glucose levels but also further inhibits glucagon secretion from -cells through a feedback mechanism.238 The high concentration of insulin in the local pancreatic environment creates a negative feedback effect, reducing the amount of glucagon secreted by -cells.234 Additionally, GLP-1 can reduce blood glucose production by delaying gastric emptying and decreasing appetite, which also contributes to overall blood glucose control.239,240 In summary, GLP-1 lowers blood glucose levels and inhibits glucagon secretion through direct action on -cells, promotion of insulin secretion, and regulation of gastrointestinal activity.241 GLP-1R is expressed not only on -cells and -cells but also on -cells in the pancreatic islets.242 -cells primarily secrete somatostatin, which is an important regulatory hormone.242 The expression of GLP-1R on -cells helps to inhibit the secretion of glucagon.242 When GLP-1 binds to GLP-1R on -cells, it activates these cells and promotes the secretion of somatostatin.243 Somatostatin is a potent inhibitory hormone that affects the surrounding -cells and -cells
The HMGB1/5HT7R/Nrf2/xCT/GPX4 pathway was found to promote ferroptosis of M2 microglia in transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) mice, which promoted ischemic brain injury and depressive-like behaviors
