To date, only a single, methodologically limited, placebo-controlled trial has evaluated its effects on maximal physical performance in healthy athletes, and its results actually point toward negative trends in both physical and mental performance ( Consequently, Meldonium's international reputation as a powerful performance enhancer appears to be built primarily on anecdotal use, theoretical biochemical mechanisms, and the inappropriate extrapolation of data from compromised animal models and ischemic patients
Meta-analyses and reviews of clinical studies based on the measurement of BDNF in whole blood, serum, or plasma have reported significantly lower BDNF levels in patients with major depression 11,12 , schizophrenia 13 , bipolar disorders 14 , or autism spectrum disorders 15,16
S4J, Supplementary Fig
A., Haddad, G
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