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Activation of large-conductance (BK Ca ) and small-conductance (K Ca ) K + channels, as well as ATP-sensitive K + (K ATP ) channels, induces K + efflux, reducing Ca 2+ entry through voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs), leading to pericyte hyperpolarization and increased CBF [93]

In addition, a deficiency of vitamin B12 can cause facial signs such as hyperpigmentation (dark spots), vitiligo (white patches where skin loses color), or angular stomatitis (inflammation at the corners of the mouth)

Cagossi M, Salgarello M, Patrignani P, Salgarello G

By carefully considering the compound's physicochemical properties, selecting appropriate solvent systems, and implementing rigorous stability control measures, researchers can develop effective formulations for preclinical studies

A landmark study by Maquart et al