Underpinned by genetic and nutritional counseling, the integration of genetic parameters influencing the response to dietary components, type of exercise, different pharmacotherapies and behavioral traits, such as adherence and reward eating, as well as their interactions, will enable further personalization and greater potential for improved pharmacotherapy outcomes in patients with obesity (73, 8083)
cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) is a transcription factor that plays a critical role in learning and memory
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This explains why energy metabolism is influenced by overall nutritional status, not just one single compound
In recent years, we added an epigenetic component to the Allostasis/Allostatic load model to describe how non-shared environmental experiences may set each individual on a somewhat different trajectory of development that determines either adaptive or maladaptive responses (behavior, systemic function and vulnerability to disease) to subsequent novel experiences as the life course unfolds [20]
