Glucose consumption, lactate production, insulin secretion and total ATP content assays After pre-conditioning in the presence or absence of 50 nM Exendin-4 for 18 hours, BRIN-BD11 cells or isolated mouse islets were cultured in RPMI containing 20 mM of glucose in the absence of Exendin-4 for additional 24 hours
Furthermore, loss of DJ-1 in astrocytes leads to hyperactivation of inflammatory responses upon LPS stimulation, resulting in excessive production of nitric oxide (NO), COX-2, and IL-6 via a ROS-p38 MAPK pathway (Waak et al., 2009)
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