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The most-cited animal work is a series of long-term experiments in CBA mice and Wistar rats reporting that pulsed administration of Epitalon increased mean and maximum lifespan, reduced the incidence of spontaneous tumour formation, and preserved oestrous cyclicity in females past the age at which controls became acyclic

Sub-spec preservative concentration is invisible without laboratory testing

That said, high-level or specialized testing (like what might be used in professional sports) could look for substances not included in standard panels

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1147414 Received 18 January 2023 Accepted 22 February 2023 Published 02 March 2023 Volume 14 - 2023 Edited by Zhihao Liu, Dalian Medical University, China Reviewed by Ral Gonzalez Ojeda, University of Galway, Ireland Hang Liu, University of California, Los Angeles, United States Updates Copyright 2023 Pei, Pan, Wei and Hua

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