L-carnitine is taken by mouth for conditions of the heart and blood vessels including heart-related chest pain, congestive heart failure (CHF), heart complications of a disease called diphtheria, heart attack, heart disease, leg pain caused by circulation problems (intermittent claudication), reduced circulation in the arms and legs due to narrowed blood vessels (peripheral vascular disease), irregular heartbeat, and high cholesterol
It is an injectable medication, to be given once weekly, and is approved for use in type 2 diabetes, but likely to be popular for weight loss as well
MC1R in peripheral melanocytes driving melanogenesis, and central MC3R/MC4R in hypothalamic and limbic circuits driving sexual behaviour
Acknowledgments We thank the UK Biobank study, and the summary statistics data of UKB can be download from Neale lab ( and other GWAS summary-level data, which have been downloaded from We also thank all the reviewers and editors for their useful suggestions for improving this study
TB-500 is the commercially distributed abbreviated designation
