SARS-CoV-2-infected patients with COVID-19 disease show alterations in the glucoseinsulin axis leading to hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance, increased oxidative/nitrosative stress, and significantly decreased vitamin D, thiols, total-antioxidant-capacity, GSH and selenium (Soto et al., 2022)
In addition, increased ketone body levels increase flux through mitochondrial beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase 1 (BDH1) that reduces the mitochondrial [NAD + ]/[NADH] leading to increased ETC activity (Opii et al., 2008)
the results of the above described pharmacological investigations demonstrate the advantageous activity of the salts of the BPC peptides in protecting organisms against stress and diseases and, in general, normalizing the organic functions
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10.1242/jcs.127829 J Cell Sci