In November 2023, the FDA granted approval for Zepbound (tirzepatide) for chronic weight management in adults with obesity (body mass index 30 kg/m) or overweight (BMI 27 kg/m) with at least one weight-related comorbid condition such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes, obstructive sleep apnea, or cardiovascular disease
these are regulated as foods under Food Standards Agency (FSA) rules rather than as medicines, and are therefore not subject to the same rigorous clinical evaluation as licensed medicinal products
Retinoids increase sun sensitivity, so daily broad-spectrum sunscreen is essential and results typically take several months of consistent nightly use
Selected Research Peer-reviewed sources on the mechanisms discussed above
The risk of cancer is significantly higher in all stages of kidney disease compared to the general population [3, 4]: there are multifactorial causes for this increased risk depending on cancer site, cause of CKD or immune dysregulation caused by chronic uraemia