To avoid enzymatic cleavage by DPP-4, the N-terminal penultimate amino acid has been replaced with other amino acids (albiglutide, dulaglutide, and semaglutide) or added with a fatty acid moiety (liraglutide and semaglutide), so that albumin binds and shields the enzymatic attack site
Animal studies showed that DHA decreased apoptosis of dopaminergic cells after MPTP treatment (Ozsoy et al., 2011)
We're still in the early phases of understanding the impact of GLP-1 on people's appetites, but from what we've seen so far, people on GLPs are moving towards smaller portions, more nutrient dense, less processed foods
Copper peptides can be used by people with sensitive skin, but the risk of reaction is higher and the reintroduction needs to be slower
Complementing these studies, Guo et al