It contains NADH-, FMN-, and Fe-S-binding sites [88]
Patients with plasma adiponectin above a mean of 13.5 mg/l had a 3.4-fold increase in mortality risk, but higher levels have been associated with adverse outcome and poor prognosis only in HFrEF.120,125 Resistin Resistin is a polypeptide, initially discovered in adipocytes, that has been associated with both insulin resistance and inflammatory response.126 Administration of anti-resistin antibodies improves blood sugar in mice with diet-induced obesity.127 Moreover, in collared rabbit carotid arteries, resistin has been shown to aggravate atherosclerosis by stimulating monocytes, endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells.128 Resistin has been linked with incident HF, and plasma levels are significantly elevated in HF.126,129,130 Nevertheless, in HFpEF patients, resistin has not predicted outcomes in univariable analysis ( Table 3 ).97 Kidney Dysfunction Neutrophil Gelatinase-associated Lipocalin Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL or lipocalin-2) is a marker of early renal dysfunction.131 NGAL is massively upregulated after renal tubular injury, but also during inflammation and renal and myocardial ischaemia or infection.132 In addition, NGAL may also play a role in atherosclerosis and matrix degradation
To ensure comprehensive coverage, citation tracking was performed on the selected studies, identifying an additional three relevant articles
Solorzano, K
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