During physical activity, the body breaks down ATP molecules more quickly (up to 1000 faster)
doi: 10.1007/s11892-020-1284-5 46 QianYXiaFZuoYZhongMYangLJiangYet al
A derivative of L-carnitine, ALCAR easily crosses the blood brain barrier where it increases brain carnitine levels and helps increase acetylcholine, an important neurotransmitter vital to learning, memory, and general cognition (severe depletion of acetylcholine is associated with Alzheimers disease)
Carnitine helps to transport essential nutrients to muscle cells, so lower levels could have a direct effect of energy
Retatrutide's proposed mechanism of action involves GLP-1 receptor activation to slow gastric emptying and promote satiety, GIP receptor activation to support insulin secretion and adipose tissue regulation, and glucagon receptor agonism, which in trial settings has been associated with increased energy expenditure and lipolysis