[DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 129.Demarco B., Grayczyk J.P., Bjanes E., Le Roy D., Tonnus W., Assenmacher C.-A., Radaelli E., Fettrelet T., Mack V., Linkermann A., et al
Chronic kidney disease and arterial stiffness: a two-way path
doi: 10.3389/fvets.2025.1740059 Received 05 November 2025 Revised 26 November 2025 Accepted 11 December 2025 Published 07 January 2026 Volume 12 - 2025 Edited by Fan Yang, Henan University of Science and Technology, China Reviewed by Jiakang He, Guangxi University, China Runan Zuo, Anhui Agricultural University, China Updates Copyright 2026 Liu, Jiao, Xie, Ren, Lv, Du and Huang
The SCD revolves around eliminating specific carbohydrates not well absorbed by the body and may promote the growth of harmful bacteria in the intestines[127]
In practice that is usually 1 to 1.5 inches for an adult